Symposium Visual: 5

This image was created after the communist era was over. It came at a time where the people's vote actually mattered. This image in particular titled "Jutro wybory. Zachodzze czerwone sloneczko," translated to "The election is tomorrow. Let the little red sun set." Called for the public to vote. The bubble like font, and the cartoon like red sun contrasts immensely from the soviet realism. It truly shows artistic freedom, and it relays the message to Polish voters. This poster was created by Maciej Buszewicz.

Citation
Buszewicz, M. (1990). Jutro wybory. Zachodzze czerwone sloneczko [Painting found in The Polish People's Republic]. Retrieved April 10, 2019, from http://www.theartofposter.com/RED/Red.htm

I have written permission to use this image.

Symposium Visual: 4

This image was created on 1983. It was roughly the beginning of the end for the communist era. Posters such as these were created in response to NATO's creation, to help rally support for the government. Titled "NATO Zagrozeniem pokoju," the words translate to "NATO Threat to Peace." This specific poster's artist is unknown. The focus of this specific poster continues the fear of the cold war, as it focuses on America's use of nuclear weapons. It presents NATO as a weapon which could be dropped onto Poland from above. The cartoon like style of this poster correlates to the loose art restrictions during the era.

Citation:
NATO Zagrozeniem pokoju[Painting found in The Polish People's Republic]. (1983). Retrieved April 10, 2019, from http://www.theartofposter.com/RED/Red.htm

I have written permission by the copyright holder to use this image.

The designer of this painting is unknown.

Symposium Visual: 3

This image was created on 1955. It was roughly the beginning of the communist era, and the government commissioned posters such as these so they could gain the support of the young people. Titled "Dla ciebie ojczyzno bija nasze mlode serca." the words translate to "For You Fatherland, our young hearts beat." This specific poster was originally created by Mieczyslaw Teodorczyk, specifically for the Second Convention of the Alliance of Polish Youth; An event where young Polish people would gather. The style of this poster correlates to the soviet realism imposed by the era.


Citation
Teodorczyk, M. (1955). Dla ciebie ojczyzno bija nasze mlode serca [Painting found in The Polish People's Republic]. Retrieved April 10, 2019, from http://www.theartofposter.com/RED/Red.htm

I have written permission to use this image.

Symposium Visual: 2

This image was created on 1953. It was roughly the beginning of the communist era, and the government commissioned posters such as these so they could help increase the popularity of the government and its ideals. Titled "Pozdrawiamy kobiety pracujace dla pokoju i rozkwitu ojczyzny!" the words translate to "We salute women working for peace and blossoming of the fatherland!" This specific poster was originally created by both Wojciech Fangor and Jerzy Tchorzewski. The focus of this specific poster targets women walking down the street. It also marks the beginning of The Polish Peoples Republic, where everybody was expected to work. The style of this poster correlates to the soviet realism imposed by the era.



Citation
Fangor, W., & Tchorzewski, J. (1953). Pozdrawiamy kobiety pracujace dla pokoju i rozkwitu ojczyzny ! [Painting found in The Polish People's Republic]. Retrieved April 10, 2019, from http://www.theartofposter.com/RED/Red.htm


I have written permission to use this image.

Symposium Visual: 1

This image was created on 1952. It was roughly the beginning of the communist era, and the government commissioned posters such as these so they could impose prohibitions on civil liberties. Titled "Dzuma z USA," the words translate to "The plague from the USA." This specific poster was originally created by Walerian Borowczyk, a popular film director. The focus of this specific poster marks the beginning of the cold war, as it focuses on America's use of nuclear weapons. The style of this poster correlates to the soviet realism imposed by the era.

I have written permission to use this image.

Citation:
Borowczyk, W. (1952). Dzuma z USA [Painting found in The Polish People's Republic]. Retrieved April 10, 2019, from http://www.theartofposter.com/RED/Red.htm

Symposium Research 4: TOPIC: Polish Education During Communism

Information:
The Polish People's Republic's public education went through numerous reforms while the Soviet Union had control over Poland. One thing that stayed consistent however, was that everybody had access to a free public education. 

At the beginning of the Polish People's Republic, city population grew due to the creation of four year technical schools and two year vocational schools. The total number of colleges, universities, and poly-technical exponentially increased, and school attendance was mandatory up until the age of 18. By the year 1954, the Chrzescijanska Akademia Teologiczna (Christian Theological Academy,) as well as the Akademia Teologii Katolickiej (Academy of Catholic Theology,) were established and state funded. (Due to the fact that the theological faculty of other universities were removed.) This event caused members of the church to be worried that the teachers were loyal to the state and not the church. To ease these fears, the communist government employed priests to the first state supported Catholic university. This lead to Polish citizens to have more exposure to Catholicism and Christianity religion. On July 15th, 1961, Primary school had been created, and attendance was decreased to the age of 17. At this time, the church and public education had been separated, however the church was allowed to start schools of their own.
The Polish educational system would be reformed yet again by 1971, this time however, the communist government was focused on creating a secondary education system. By 1973, students were required to take 2 year vocational schools should they prepare for employment, or 2 year preparatory colleges, which prepared students to take entrance exams to go to university. Students were also required to partake in a 10 year secondary school prior to these two year schools. This reform however, would not last due to the lack of funding in 1981. By the end of the Polish People's Republic and the fall of the USSR, Public and nursery schools would introduce religious education, and the beginning of school administrations.

Citation: 
Poland - History Background. (2018). Retrieved April 3, 2019, from
   https://education.stateuniversity.com/pages/1209/Poland-HISTORY-BACKGROUND.html

Symposium Research 3 - TOPIC: The Influence of Poster Art Schools

Information:
One major contribution to the influence of new poster styles in 1956 were Polish art schools. These schools would teach artists how to hand paint each poster, and would make the difference between designer and artist non existent. While the Warsaw Polytechnic Institute, as well as the Warsaw Academy of Fine Arts each influenced artists with new styles, the Polish School of Posters influenced artists with the use of art fundamentals. 
Posters developed by artists from the Warsaw Polytechnic Institute focused more on creating geometric images. Heavily inspired by the west, these posters take a less realistic approach to art.  On the contrary, the Warsaw Academy of Fine Arts encouraged artists to play with these new realistic ideals, however to stay true to the Soviet realism. A third school which heavily influenced artists was the Polish School of Posters. However, rather than focusing in on a style, this school focuses on art fundamentals, such as vibrant colors, fantasy, individuality, as well as linear quality. As a result, posters created by artists of this school have an aesthetic tension between the individual style of it. Influencing the world on yet a new way to suggest topics through allusion.

Citation:
Matthews, W. (2018). The Polish poster. Retrieved April 1, 2019, from
    http://www.historygraphicdesign.com/index.php/the-industrial-revolution   
    /photography-the-new-communications-tool/753-bitumen-of-judea